The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the development of 5G are set to add a new layer of complexity to the current practice of standard essential patents (SEPs) licensing. While, until recently, the debate has centred on the nature of fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND)...

The work focuses on the United States and the Canadian banking systems regulatory evolutions and assesses the reasons why two so similar countries ended up with such different banking systems. The aim of the paper is to show that Canada has a greater level of stability compared to the United...

It is still controversial whether the intellectual property-antitrust interface should be viewed as a conflict or a finalistic convergence. The recent Chinese Regulation on the “Prohibition of Conduct Eliminating or Restricting Competition by Abusing Intellectual Property Rights” provides...

The emergence of the multi-sided platform business model has had a profound impact on the news publishing industry. By acting as gatekeepers to news traffic, large online platforms have become unavoidable trading partners for news businesses, and exert substantial bargaining power in their...

After a three-year investigation the German Competition Authority found Facebook's data policy abusive. In the authority's assessment, by making the use of its social-networking service conditional upon users granting extensive permission to collect and process their personal data, Facebook...

Despite the rationale and the legal basis of the Digital Markets Act (DMA), the European legal framework risks to become more fragmented in the post-DMA scenario because of overlaps with competition law. The paper provides an analytical overview of the hypotheses in which the dual application of...

Fairness is not foreign to competition law and fairness considerations are not new to it. However, the endemic uncertainty on its notion has traditionally made fairness unsuitable to act as a stand-alone applicable legal standard. Indeed, antitrust enforcers have usually been reluctant to engage...

Fairness considerations are increasingly evoked in economic policy and have become part of the current conversation on the objectives of competition policy. While fairness is undoubtedly an acceptable objective by itself and has its place in the history of economic regulation, its treatment in...

Whether self-preferencing is inherently anticompetitive has emerged as perhaps the core question in competition policy for digital markets. Large online platforms who act as gatekeepers of their ecosystems and engage in dual-mode intermediation have been accused of taking advantage of these...