This paper deals with the question what the relationship is between consumer activity and non-competitive market outcomes in deregulated markets. These market failures could be the result of bad regulation, bad competition law enforcement or insufficient consumer activity. The different causes...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the interplay between the EU's external (pre-accession) and internal (post-accession) governance model in the field of competition law and to reach a deeper understanding of the EU's Europeanization strategy at the intersection of these two governance models....

Over the past ten years several EU Member States decided to integrate their competition authorities with their consumer protection agencies. In 2010, the Danish Competition Authority and the Danish Consumer Agency merged into the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority. In 2013 the Finnish...

As markets change due to new technologies, shifts in consumer preferences or other conditions, the legal and policy framework need to adjust, too. The dilemma legislators and policy makers face when such changes take place is whether and how to intervene in such market situations and if they...

In our study, ‘Policy Report: Priority setting in EU and national competition law enforcement’ (“Report”), we conducted a systematic and comprehensive mapping of the procedural and substantive rules and practices that define the way competition authorities of 27 EU Member States, the...

Effective enforcement of competition law is vital for the functioning of competitive markets. As competition authorities are constrained by scarce financial and human resources, it is neither possible, nor desirable, to enforce every possible competition law infringement. Hence, the power to set...

Competition law has always formed a core pillar of the European integration process and so it was among the crucial EU requirements set for the candidate countries. Competition law had a significant influence on the way competition laws and institutions were shaped in the candidate countries. In...