community to deter future cartel formation. We present two simple theoretical models, focussing respectively on composition and …

We hypothesize a particular source of cartel instability and explore its relevance to understanding cartel dynamics …. The cartel instability is rooted in the observation that, upon cartel formation, the relative positions of firms are often … fixed which may lead some growthconscious members to be discontent. This incongruity between a cartel member’s allocated …

) actions that aim to stop cartel activity in the short-term, immediately following successful prosecution; (c) actions that aim … pricing and periods of cartel pricing. We determine the impact of CA activity on deterred, impeded, and suffered harm. We … show how these break down into measures of the Direct Effect of interventions (i.e. the effect due to cartel activity being …

development of the innovative and modern leniency policy. Following the examination of the main conditions and reasons for cartel …

This paper deals with the optimal enforcement of competition law between merger and anti-cartel policies. We examine … account the ensuing incentives for firms in terms of choice between cartels and mergers. To the extent that a tougher anti-cartel …

cartel investigations can obtain immunity from fines or a reduction of fines. Leniency plays a prominent role in EU cartel …

on average by 10% is much too low, and that principles of optimal deterrence indicate that current levels of cartel …