This study investigates the presence and variation of home bias across different hierarchical levels in German men's football. Based on an extensive dataset comprising 357,530 matches from the 2023/2024 season-collected via a Python script-the analysis includes match outcomes, attendance...

This study investigates the presence and variation of home bias across different hierarchical levels in German men’s football. Based on an extensive dataset comprising 357,530 matches from the 2023/2024 season—collected via a Python script—the analysis includes match outcomes, attendance...