Regulators in most countries limit the amount of spectrum that a carrier is allowed to obtain as a way of reducing the risk that rival cellular carriers will be unable to obtain the spectrum they need to compete effectively. For similar reasons, regulators may consider how a proposed merger...

The current spectrum management policy typically gives exclusive and unlimited access to license-holders within their domain, and offers meager transmission opportunities for non-license-holders. This paper addresses spectrum management techniques in which no licensing is required and individual...