This paper focus’s on the third-party certifiers’ strategy when choosing a required label quality, and the consequent market outcome. We consider two different objectives of the certifier: maximizing global demand for the labeled product (wide public policy), or maximizing global quality of...

To what extent are people subject to moral licensing? Rather than just examining moral licensing and cleansing at an aggregate level, we investigate experimentally the moral dynamics at an individual level. We found that aggregate results occult heterogeneity at the individual level that can be...