In digital markets, people make billions of choices each day, often choosing options from predefined choice sets. An oft-discussed approach to influencing purchasing decisions is introducing an irrelevant option into a consumer's choice set—a decoy option—making another, often more valuable...

Decisions are influenced by the environment in which the choices are presented. In fact, no choice is made in a vacuum, as there is no neutral way to present choices. Presenting choices in certain ways, even unintentionally, can “nudge” people to change their behavior in predictable ways....

Scholars generally assume that consumer ratings reflect consumer satisfaction, but ratings can be influenced by the design of the rating system. We examine two rating designs — single-dimensional (SD) rating systems, which elicit overall ratings only, and multidimensional (MD) rating systems,...