So much has been said about the exclusion of contractual terms from the unfairness test embedded in Article 4(2) of the UCT Directive by both the CJEU as well as the legal doctrine. Nonetheless, numerous national courts of different MS struggle with the interpretation and consequently proper...

Purchasing real estate is the most important act in the life of the average consumer” according to the Commission Report, COM(95) 117 final. The mortgage credit market belongs to the most complex markets in which consumers engage and the mortgage credit agreements make 70 % of consumer credits...