The focus is upon equilibrium real exchange rates, optimal external debt and their interaction, in a world where both the return on investment and the real rate of interest are stochastic variables. These theoretically based measures are applied empirically to answer the following questions:...

What is Optimal Control Theory? -- The Maximum Principle: Continuous Time -- The Maximum Principle: Mixed Inequality Constraints -- The Maximum Principle: General Inequality Constraints -- Applications to Finance -- Applications to Production and Inventory -- Applications to Marketing -- The...

We develop a flexible single-state model to represent tradeoffs between infections and activity during the early phase of an epidemic. We prove that optimal policy is continuous in the state but discontinuous in the deterministic arrival date of a cure; optimal lockdowns are followed by stimulus...