We analyse potential consequences of the forthcoming Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States (TTIP) for trade orientation of both partners. We do it with the short analysis of the characteristics of the third wave of regionalism and the TTIP position in...

This paper aims to quantify the potential effects of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) being negotiated between the EU and the U.S. on the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). The BRICS is distinguished by its large, fast-growing economies...

I develop an index for economic integration accounting for its gradual and bilateral nature: the Gradual And Bilateral Integration (GABI) index. The graduality captures differences in the depth and path of five stages in economic integration and is an improvement over the use of binary dummy...