The effectiveness of Variable Messages Signs (VMS) on route guidance is assessed by a discrete probit choice model that estimates the proportion of vehicles that diverts to an alternative routes given the characteristics of different messages. A before–and–after study is also conducted to...

This paper analyses the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between research and development (R&D) and intra-firm production units. Specifically, two distinct network structures are compared: the lead factory concept and traditional networks of R&D and production. Based on an analytical...