This study investigates the relation between customer concentration and a supplier's cost of equity capital. We hypothesize that a more concentrated customer base increases a supplier's risk, which results in a higher cost of equity. Our results show a positive association between customer...

This paper investigates the impact of a firm's annual report readability and ambiguous tone on its borrowing costs. We find that firms with larger 10-K file sizes and a higher proportion of uncertain and weak modal words in 10-Ks have stricter loan contract terms and greater future stock price...

We exploit the adoption of U.S. state-level labor protection laws to study the effect of employment protection on corporate investment and growth. We find that, following the adoption of these laws, capital expenditures decrease, resulting in firms growing sales at a slower rate. Our findings...