We review the sovereign credit rating methodologies of three credit rating agencies (Moody’s, S&P and Fitch) and analyze how they currently accommodate climate change risk and ESG considerations. We elaborate on the differences between the three rating methodologies and critically evaluate...

In this work we use a MultiCriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model to evaluate the creditworthiness of a sample of Italian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), on the basis of their balance sheet data provided by the AIDA database. Our methodology is able to consider simultaneously...