The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions positions established firms (incumbents) as defenders of existing technologies at the “regime level.” By contrast, it positions new entrants at the niche level, as promoters of new technologies. This paper challenges the positioning...

The creative destruction of existing industries as a consequence of discontinuous technological change is a central theme in the literature on industrial innovation and technological development. Established competence-based and market-based explanations of this phenomenon argue that incumbents...