This paper presents a stylized model of “disparate impact”, showing that background check decisions could create unequal opportunities for minorities since minorities are more likely to have certain types of criminal records. We evaluate a state mandated criminal background check for...

Violence against women in India has gathered considerable attention in recent years with increasing public policy debates on urgent legal reforms. A factor which has perhaps not received enough attention is women's participation in law enforcement. In the year 2014, women comprised only 6.1% of...