Purpose – Previous research has explored the impact of customer participation in organizational‐sponsored loyalty programs on customer loyalty; however, the findings are mixed. Other research, outside the loyalty program literature, reveals that customers who socially interact with other...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how value equity and its subdimensions of service quality, cost, and convenience drive customer satisfaction among business and leisure travelers who are attending events (e.g. conventions, expositions, parades, cultural events) in Macau, China....