This report provides the third and final assessment of the implementation of the European Systemic Risk Board's (ESRB) country-specific Recommendations on medium-term vulnerabilities in the residential real estate (RRE) sector.

Cyber threats continue to pose significant risks to financial stability in the EU and beyond. The persistently heightened cyber threat environment in Europe is evidenced by the sabotage of undersea telecommunications cables, the disruptions to systems in large banks and third-party providers,...