This paper constructs an electoral hostility index for 282 local direct elections (PILKADA) of district heads during 2005-2007 and examines the socio-economic determinants of local democratic maturity in Indonesia. There are 67 PILKADAs (out of 282) categorised as having medium, high or very...

Utilising a newly created data set we examine the relationship between routine/everyday violence and fiscal decentralization in 98 districts of the Indonesian island of Java. By examining possible relationships between fiscal decentralization and routine violence, this paper fills a gap in the...