Grifell-Tatje and Lovell (Grifell-Tatje, E., Lovell, C.A.K., 1999. Profits and productivity. Management Science 45, 1177-1193) made significant contributions to the literature on the extended radial DEA framework by decomposing profit change into six mutually exclusive components. Their...

Viewing slacks as one possible source of inefficiency, and that inputs have differential importance in the production process, this paper develops, based on the directional Russell measure of inefficiency, the non-radial Luenberger indicator. This indicator is then shown as the sum of the...