This paper depicts an industrial district as a center of innovation in which local technological externalities sustain the endogenous invention of new goods by profit seeking firms. After invention firms dace a crucial choice between reaching distant markets by export or plant delocation. The...

This paper studies the impact of a WTO withdrawal of trade concessions against countries that fail to respect globally recognized environmental standards. We show that a punishing tariff can be effective when environmental and trade policies are endogenous. When required standards lie within a...