This paper investigates the association between real estate demand and the volatility of population changes. In a financial liberalized housing market, the housing mortgage loan implies insurance function to homeowners through the default option. Larger expected volatilities in the population...

In this paper, a production and pricing decision model for automakers under the dual-credit policy is formulated. Then, with consideration of demand and credit price disruptions, a nonlinear programming model that maximizes automakers' profit and constrains the production of fuel vehicles (FVs)...