Exploiting a unique empirical setting, 1,000 vendors in 90 traditional food markets in Lima, we document that historic social ties among market founders are associated, decades later, with stricter formal (third party) enforcement of market rules, more collective action, and the greater...

How is the protest behavior of citizens in new democracies influenced by their experience of the past? Certain theories of political socialization hold that cohorts reaching political maturity under dictatorship are subject to apathy. Yet, it remains unclear whether mobilization during the...

This paper aims to investigate the impacts of Civic Media, such as access to the Internet, mobile phones and use of social media, on the progress of democratization in Hong Kong. It focuses on one dimension: effects on social movements. Hong Kong is selected as a target of study because the...