We compare, based on German data, the income of self-employed individuals with and without employees with the income of dependently employed individuals. Our results show that self-employed with employees tend to earn significantly higher incomes than their salaried counterparts, while with the...

We assess the relevance of formal education on the productivity of the self-employed and distinguish between opportunity entrepreneurs, who voluntarily pursue a business opportunity, and necessity entrepreneurs, who lack alternative employment options. We expect differences in the returns to...

Werden immer mehr Erwerbstätige zu Unternehmern ihrer eigenen Arbeitskraft? Und in welchen Arbeitsfeldern ist das vor allem der Fall? Die empirisch fundierten Beiträge dieses Bandes untersuchen diese viel diskutierten Fragen in einem breiten Spektrum von Erwerbsarbeit: typische...