I examine whether elections influence perceived corruption in the public sector. Perceived corruption in the public … sector is measured by the reversed Transparency International’s Perception of Corruption Index (CPI). The dataset includes … perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. The effect is especially pronounced before early elections …

Even though high penalties for corruption offences have a deterrent and preventive effect, they also entrap bribe … in the design of voluntary disclosure programs for corruption offences. -- Corruption ; Criminal Law ; Leniency ; Self …