The shift toward social security systems with a tighter link between benefits and contributions will make such systems more fiscally sustainable. But to protect the uninsured and underinsured, such programs should be complemented by better social assistance programs for low-income groups

The majority of old people in developing countries are uninsured by formal social security programs. This paper argues that economic growth is the key to increased coverage. Contributory old age insurance programs (or formal programs more generally) may not be desirable or feasible for large...

The shift toward social security systems with a tighter link between benefits and contributions will make such systems more fiscally sustainable. But to protect the uninsured and underinsured, such programs should be complemented by better social assistance programs for low-income groups. Most...