The unprecedented degradation of the planet’s vital ecosystems is among the most pressing issues confronting the international community. Despite the proliferation of legal instruments to combat environmental problems, conflicts between rich and poor nations (the North-South divide) have...

The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and implementation of the Paris Agreement will require significant new investment. New financial technologies ("fintech") offer the potential to unlock green finance technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things and big data,...

The complex web of challenges confronting humanity - climate change, pandemics, economic inequality, and violent conflict - demands a robust global governance system. However, the current architecture, centred on the United Nations, is widely considered inadequate. This document delves into this...

Sustainable finance refers to financial practices, policies, and interdisciplinary science, handling financial services, financial resources, financial decision-making, financial regulations, and the financial industry overall from sustainability perspectives by integrating environmental,...

The relationships between energy, the environment, and development are deep and complex. The International Energy Agency has noted that energy is deeply implicated in each of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of human development. Energy services provide an essential input to...

We study how the import of older and more polluting technologies alters the relationship between output and environmental quality in developing countries within a vintage capital framework. Our results show that old technologies prolong the period until which pollution may eventually decrease...