The global economic order, which has been characterized by multilateral action since 1947, is facing increasing challenges, due both to changing global trade dynamics and the COVID-19 pandemic. In spite of this turbulent time for trade, the world is more connected than ever before, and the...

The role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) has been extensively debated in the literature on technology transfers and agricultural production in developing countries. However, few studies offer cross-country evidence on how IPRs affect yield growth, for example, by incentivizing...

In many developing countries, smallholder farmers cultivating vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) have limited access to quality planting material. This constraint can limit both the yield of and returns on VPC cultivation. Yet policy and regulatory initiatives designed to strengthen access to...