The World Bank has two distinct financial vehicles to support developing country governments wanting to provide guarantees to attract private investors: issuing guarantees to investors and making loans to host governments to fund guarantees. The author explains how these vehicles work and...

Fundamental research on complex systems has shown relevance to efforts of international development. This paper canvasses some practitioner friendly approaches to international development. Development is about interventions in a highly complex system, the society. Complex systems research tells...