Foreign aid has undergone many fundamental shifts since the middle of the last century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the international development community added a multilateral agenda of development goals, institutions, and procedures to traditional bilateralism. Thinking about development...

Traded commodities embody an environmental service, namely the amount of pollution emitted domestically when goods are produced for export. Japan's extensive economic ties with its Asian Pacific trading partners necessitate special consideration of trade and environment linkages. The data...