Prior to the invention of the Internet, shopping for goods was relatively simple: a consumer visited a brick-and-mortal retailer and selected a product from what was available or, for some retailers, shopped using a catalog. Today, a simple Internet search may return a bewildering number of...

We offer a simple analysis of a digital platform’s incentives to bias sales toward its own products and services. The analysis reveals that a digital platform is less biased - not more biased - in the promotion of its own products and services relative to online sellers that do not permit...