Many two-sided platforms (e.g., eBay, Google, iOS, Android, Twitter, Amazon) provide integration tools, such as modular interfaces, interactive development environments, application programming interfaces (APIs), and help desks to reduce the costs and improve the functionality of third party...

Platforms are ubiquitous, and their adoption is on the rise in the business to business (B2B) world. However, economic theory characterizing the drivers their adoption has lagged. In the few cases where B2B platforms have been explicitly examined, it is often assumed that they can be understood...

With the rise of the platform economy over the past decade, numerous online retailers have switched from the traditional wholesale model to the agency model. In the agency model, the suppliers, rather than the retailers, control the pricing decisions, and they share a proportion of the revenue...

Suppose that a firm in charge of a business ecosystem is a firm in charge of a microeconomy. To achieve the highest growth rate, how open should that economy be? To encourage third-party developers, how long should their intellectual property interests last? We develop a sequential innovation...

Should internet era merger policy differ from industrial era merger policy? Platform ecosystems rely on economies of scale, data-driven economies of scope, high-quality algorithmic systems, and strong network effects that frequently promote winner-take-most markets. Their market dominance has...

Digital platforms, empowered by artificial intelligence algorithms, facilitate efficient interactions between consumers and merchants that allow the collection of profiling information which drives innovation and welfare. Private incentives, however, lead to information asymmetries resulting in...