Plattformen sind mehr als Unternehmen, sie sind die Herrschaftszentren unserer Zeit. Facebook, Google und Amazon ersetzen Marktplätze und öffentlichen Räume, doch sie entscheiden darüber, wer sich dort aufhalten darf und welche Regeln gelten. Von Staaten sind sie kaum zu kontrollieren, sie...

This paper examines business performance and crisis mitigation strategies among micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. We utilize a new primary data set based on administrative records, survey data, and follow-up interviews with merchants...

The COVID-19 situation has accelerated the adoption of e-commerce across the world. While, globally, there has been an increase in the share of e-commerce in total retail sales, there are variations in e-commerce adoption across countries and the difference is obtrusive when one compares...

The article aims to answer the following questions: 1) How has the European Union's international trade developed in terms of goods and geography in the last two years, and to what extent has it been resilient to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic? 2) To what extent has the ambitious path to...

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are recognized as crucial drivers of economic development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The advent of digital platforms, characterized by economies of scale and significant cross-network externalities in two-sided markets,...