Barbara Bergmann has advocated direct observation of market behavior by economists. There is a history of such activity in the area of labor market but that experimental work has mainly been conducted by noneconomists. We have followed the lead of these researchers and conducted audits of...

Sexual discrimination in labor hiring was measured using a controlled experimental approach. Carefully-matched pairs of written applications were made in response to advertised job vacancies in the Australian State of Victoria. Statistically significant discrimination against females was...