This paper proposes a new framework for the operation of distribution companies (discos) in the liberalized electricity market environment considering distributed generation (DG) units and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission penalty cost. The proposed short-term framework is a two-stage model. The...

The main goal of this paper is to present a Multistage Distribution network Expansion Planning (MDEP) problem in the presence of Distributed Generations (DGs) in a multi-objective optimization framework. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes two objectives: minimization of investment and...