In recent decades, manufacturers have relied on giant retailers or e-tailers to distribute their products. Given this evolution, some retailers have started demanding a Profit-Margin-Guarantee contract (PMG contract), under which the manufacturer must ensure that the retailer’s profit margin...

The term platform economy refers to a business practice in which online retailers serve as transaction platforms that connect upstream suppliers with downstream buyers. Each transaction platform has a traditional retail channel where a supplier can sell products indirectly to customers. In...

With the boom of e-commerce, express delivery has been increasingly regarded as a bottleneck and key factor for achieving success. Additionally, whether to include such express delivery service or not is an important yet outstandingly unsolved problem for online retailers. In this regard, this...