In this paper we introduce multi-server queueing systems that can be considered as extensions of conventional M/M/s queue to fractional number of servers. We show that the extended Erlang's delay function can be used to calculate delay probabilities for such systems. This approach enables the...

This paper provides a concise guide to dynamic optimization with an integral treatment on various optimal control and dynamic programming problems. It presents essential theorems and methods for obtaining and characterizing solutions to these problems. The paper discusses Pontryagin's maximum...