We examine the impact of formal child care usage on parenting intensity. We measure parenting intensity as the amount of time that parents spend on child rearing and, in particular, on educational activities with children. Using time-use data and a household survey, we estimate the effects at...

Grandparents act as the third biggest care giver besides day care and parental care for children below the age of 6 in most OECD countries. Despite its relevance, the effects of child care provided by grandparents on child and parental outcomes have received little attention in the literature....