depreciation upon job loss—and its interaction with labor market institutions. We have three main results, based on a life … between turbulence and institutions explains most of the reduction in labor force participation among older workers in Europe … over this period, but ultimately explains little of the rise in unemployment. Third, only a small share of the increase in …

We discuss the ease with which individuals can move between employment, unemployment and inactivity over time in the EU …. Transitions from unemployment and inactivity back into employment are relatively weak in Central Eastern, Mediterranean and …

worsening of the unemployment gender gap during the pandemic, but we find that women were more likely to uptake short-time work …

Measuring employment and unemployment is essential for economic policy. Internationally agreed measures (e.g. headcount … employment and unemployment rates based on standard definitions) enhance comparability across time and space, but changes in real …