Governments and business leaders are increasingly aware of the role that innovation plays in economic growth, development and competitiveness. There are imperative challenges for Latin American countries, among them, poverty, social inclusion, sustainable development, climate change, natural...

This paper integrates innovation input and output effects of R&D subsidies into a modified Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM) model. Our results largely confirm insights of the input additionality literature, i.e. public subsidies complement private R&D investment. In addition, results point to...

In their development of national systems of innovation, catching up countries with low or moderate innovation performance usually focus on top-down approach and centralized implementation of innovation policy instruments. Given the limited resources and knowledge, there is a strong rationale for...