Autonomy and accountability of public agencies are two sides of the same coin, yet often they are examined separately and at only one point in time. This contribution therefore examines the interaction between accountability and autonomy over time. It does so in the context of a European Union...

UK involvement in the EU Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ) has been patchy. It never joined the Schengen border-free zone, and when in 2014 it exercised a block exit from all AFSJ measures, it selectively rejoined a substantial number. Even if partially outside, the UK has been a...

This chapter discusses the Danish 'adjustable bend', the Norwegian 'anglers' loop' and bespoke Brexit-Europol 'tangles' - to shed some light on the options for the UK's post-Brexit participation in AFSJ. The chapter will examine how an 'in-between' solution will affect the rule of law and the...