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The nominal effective exchange rate (EER) of a currency is an index of the tradeweighted average of its bilateral exchange rates vis-à-vis the currencies of selected trading partners, while the real EER is derived by adjusting the nominal index for relative prices or costs. The nominal EER...
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This paper discusses the experiences resulting from EU's adoption and implementation of a wide variety of policy measures in response to the COVID-19 crisis. These measures included stimulating the relocation and expansion of manufacturing to reduce vulnerability, depending on imports, ensuring...
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This study analyses how the relative specialisation indexes of production and export for various categories of products are correlated with the technological level of a country expressed in RDI expenditures and number of patent applications to the EPO. We showed that the countries investing in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010529085
Romania's European Union accession in 2007 has resulted in a substantial reduction of the formal barriers to … in Romania to those of European Union countries, as measured by the OECD indicators of Product Market Regulation. These … countries reveals that, for half of the policy areas covered by the study, Romania's product market policies are more …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012560806
Even if Romania succeeded to become a member of the European Union, the development gaps between its regions and those … Romania, in terms of GDP/capita, FDI and possibly state interventions, with the view of creating a so-called typology of … perspectives for regional development in Romania, taking into account the perspective of reform at European level and discussions …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012729070
Romania's European Union accession in 2007 has resulted in a substantial reduction of the formal barriers to … in Romania to those of European Union countries, as measured by the OECD indicators of Product Market Regulation. These … countries reveals that, for half of the policy areas covered by the study, Romania's product market policies are more …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012973786