This paper analyses the macroeconomic costs of environmental regulation in European energy markets on the basis of existing macroeconomic simulation studies. The analysis comprises the European emission trading scheme, energy taxes, measures in the transport sector, and the promotion of...

This paper analyses the macroeconomic costs of environmental regulation in European energy markets on the basis of existing macroeconomic simulation studies. The analysis comprises the European emssion trading scheme, energy taxes, measures in the transport sector, and the promotion of renewable...

In the absence of an international agreement on climate policy, unilateral carbon abatement creates two problems: It tends to have a detrimental effect on domestic competitiveness, and it leads to an increase in carbon emissions abroad (leakage). This paper analyses two policies that have...

Hinter der Forderung nach höherer Energieeffizienz stehen üblicherweise konkrete umwelt- und energiepolitische Ziele wie Klimaschutz, Versorgungssicherheit und Ressourcenschonung. Das vorliegende Papier analysiert diese Argumente und diskutiert mögliche Politikinstrumente zur Zielerreichung....

This paper compares electricity market reforms in the European Union with reforms in Chile and Brazil. The paradigm of competitive market structures for the electricity sector, as developed in the economics literature, is outlined: competitive markets in generation and retailing and an...