Following a brief review of the rationale for promoting renewable energy sources, this paper compares alternative policies to promote the production of renewable electricity. The focus is on feed-in tariffs (used in Germany, Spain, and France - for instance) and tradable green certificate (TGC)...

In 2022, the repetitive increasing gas prices have caused exorbitant electricity prices in most European countries. Economists argue that this is an evident consequence of Europe’s Internal Electricity Market functioning: for economic efficiency, the price is equated to the...