In the 2004 Eastern enlargement, free movement in the EU for citizens of the new member states applied only from the date of accession - or even later in those ‘old’ member states that used long transition periods. However, refugees from Ukraine now live and work freely throughout the EU and...

This study is part of the project entitled “Costs and Benefits of Labour Mobility between the EU and the Eastern Partnership Countries” for the European Commission. The study was written by Luca Barbone (CASE) Mikhail Bonch-Osmolovskiy (CASE) and Matthias Luecke (Kiel). It is based on the...