The requirement of full cost recovery for water services including environmental and resource costs in accordance with the polluter pays principle in Art. 9 EU-Water Framework Directive is a unique provision in the history of the European environmental law. The wording of the provision is a...

Drawing up policy options is a complex activity which involves defining and weighing the merits and risks of various alternatives. In its modern version, this usually involves formal policy analysis or “policy appraisal”; that is, policy work specifically undertaken to generate and evaluate...