Efficient order execution in electronic equity trading is a relevant source of portfolio performance both for investors and for investment firms when trading on own account. New technological innovations are expected to increase efficiency in order execution. In Europe, fragmentation of...

MiFID's key objectives are market efficiency, market integrity, and fairness. By defining a new trading venue classification (i.e., Regulated Markets, Multilateral Trading Facilities, and systematic internalisers) and by enabling these venues to compete on a level playing field in terms of fees,...

In Europe, fragmentation of execution venues has been triggered by increasing competition among markets and a new regulatory environment set up by MiFID. Against this background, IT-based sophisticated order routing systems (Smart Order Routing systems) promise to assure efficiency despite...