regulatory conditions on immigrant-native gaps across four outcomes; unemployment, monthly earnings, underemployment, and … unemployment and underemployment. A higher union density appears to suppress wage differences across some immigrant groups, rather …

and Sweden). We conduct inference with mixed frequency data, combining quarterly series for unemployment, vacancies, GDP …, consumption, and investment, with annual data on unemployment flows. Parameters and shocks are estimated separately for each … country, which can then vary in terms of search and hiring costs, workers' bargaining power, unemployment benefits levels …