We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are assigned lower ratings, ceteris paribus, than "old" ones. We...

This paper evaluates and compares the dynamics of the financial integration process as described by different empirical approaches. To this end, a wide range of methods accounting for several dimensions of integration and a novel evaluation scheme – based on the positive association between...

We present a common-source infection model for explaining the formation of expectations by households. Starting from the framework of "Macroeconomic expectations of household and professional forecasters", we augment the original model assuming that also uninformed individuals are able to update...

This paper investigates how macroeconomic uncertainty shocks spillover over four Eurozone countries. It also evaluates their impact on real economic activity. The paper proposes a simple two-country model with a core and a periphery economy, where uncertainty shocks spread from one country to...