This contribution covers some preliminary aspects of an orderly Withdrawal, including the doctrine of acquired rights and trade in goods; procedural aspects of the 599-page Withdrawal Agreement, including temporal application, jurisdictional, mutual recognition and cooperation matters; and the...

This paper aims to unify the law on the EU free movement of goods, particularly access to relevant markets, and EU competition law on the conduct of economic operators, i.e. traders on such markets. It seeks to ascertain the historical origins and inspirational sources of EU free movement in the...

The aim of this article is to explore the most recent appeals concerning illegal cartels under Article 101 TFEU by revealing the relevant principles underpinning both the substantive and the procedural review of price-fixing agreements. Arguments advancing a perceived ‘criminalisation' of the...

Commentators have been waiting for the Google II decision since mid-summer. The present contribution is based solely on the revelations in the European Commission’s press release. It concerns the anti-competitive tying, the exclusivity requirements, the market-foreclosure test, and consumer...

EU rules on the functioning of a Single European Payment Area (SEPA) Union-wide with free movement of cross-border services have an impact upon fair competition in the internal market for both consumers and smaller businesses. Under Article 102 (a) TFEU, the cost analysis of pricing must be...

The purpose and methodology of this article is as follows: first, to understand the general nature of the current crisis (banking, financial, debt, currency, constitutional, political) from a socio-legal, economic, ideological and political perspective; then, to analyse the complexity of the...

This article expands the controversial catalogue of abusive practices to account for new types of data-driven unfair practices, such as data leveraging and combination, behavioral and personalized discrimination, excessive and algorithmic pricing, and the misuse of data, due to inherent...

Following years of consultations since 8 October 2008 on the proposal of the EU Commission, Directive 2011/83/EU has been published on 22 November 2011. The article introduces briefly the debate prior to the enactment of the legislative proposal, in particular on the level of harmonisation...

The article presents an analysis of Article 6 of the Romanian Competition Law and details specific examples of abusive practices in cases heard by the Romanian Competition Council on the abuse of a dominant position