Pharmaceutical Companies are highly globalized. This widening of drug markets leads to an erosion of the national government's legislative powers. With trials and marketing of compounds and pharmaceuticals carried out in different countries, ensuring safety and effectiveness of drugs becomes...

On 12 April 2018, the European Commission published a Proposal for a directive on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the food supply chain, COM(2018) 173 final (‘UTPD’). Currently, the European Parliament and the Council review the proposal. In this paper, we...

This article investigates the links of the average consumer concept in secondary legislation and the Court's case law, using doctrinal and empirical methods. It addresses five research questions: How is the average consumer test conceptualised? How does the CJEU test the average consumer? How is...

Stakeholder groups have different interests in health claims which may be complementary but also conflicting. It is not clear on beforehand, how managers should deal with legal requirements on claims. Nor is it clear how legal authorities can adjust the present claims regime to address market,...

The lack of harmonized collective redress mechanisms in EU private international law results in a substantial increase of litigation risks that are hardly manageable for insurers. Regulation of collective redress mechanisms at EU level is hence desirable. The vertical right to a fair trial as...

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the regulations on e-commerce protection rules in China and the European Union. It starts by giving a general overview of different approaches towards consumer protection in e-commerce. This article then scrutinizes the current legal system in...

Jürgen Keßler/Hans-W.Micklitz/Norbert Reich (Hrsg.) Unter Mitarbeit von Valentina Calderai, Kai P Purnhagen, Paul Verbruggen . Institutionelle Finanzmarktaufsicht und Verbraucherschutz Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Regelungssysteme in Deutschland, Italien, Schweden, dem...